The spiritual history of a race

This book is a collection of research outcomes on intellectuals by Professor Xu Jilin, a famous expert in the history of thought. It focuses on thirteen intellectuals with individuality and characteristics of the times, such as Zhang Zhidong, Wang Jingwei, Qian Mu, Shen Congwen, Ba Jin, and Ding Ling, and deeply examines the rich and complex ideological profile and humanistic temperament of each intellectual as an individual. From individuals to groups, from individuals to the times, it outlines the spiritual context of the Chinese nation since modern times. The stories of these thirteen intellectuals, whether they are literati, Confucian scholars, warriors, believers, cultural missioners, or romanticists of tragedy, are collected in this book, vividly presenting the struggles, choices, and adherence of intellectuals in the times, which can be called the spiritual history of intellectuals in modern China.